AbstractPDF
Abstract
Background: Details on hyponatraemia in the emergency
department are limited, especially regarding older patients, a population more susceptible to hyponatraemia and its effects. Our objective was to gain insight into the
prevalence, aetiology, treatment and prognosis of clinically relevant hyponatraemia in elderly emergency department patients. The impact of the severity of hyponatraemia on outcome was a secondary objective.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 1438 internal
medicine patients aged ≥ 65 years presenting to the
emergency department between 1 September 2010
and 31 August 2011 was performed. Clinically relevant
hyponatraemia was defined as a serum sodium level
< 130 mmol/l. The reference group had a serum sodium
level of 130-145 mmol/l. Hyponatraemia was subdivided
into moderate (129-125 mmol/l), and severe (< 125 mmol/l). Results: Ninety-one elderly patients (6.3%) were hyponatraemic at presentation to the emergency
department. The main causes were the use of diuretics,
hypovolaemia, and the syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone secretion (57.1%). Hyponatraemia
was associated with higher admission rates (93.4 vs. 72.9%) and longer hospital stay (8 vs. 6 days) vs. the reference group. Three-month survival rate in hyponatraemic elderly patients was 74% (95% CI 64-84%) vs. 83% (95% CI 81-85%) in the reference group. Moderate hyponatraemia was associated with an increased risk of death (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.4) vs. the reference group after multivariable adjustment for age and comorbidity. Conclusion: Hyponatraemia, a common electrolyte disturbance among elderly internal medicine patients presenting to the emergency department, was associated with higher admission rates, longer hospital stay, and higher mortality rates. In particular, moderate hyponatraemia was a marker of underlying frailty and predictive of mortality.
